Knowledge and Attitudes toward Human Papillomavirus and Human Papillomavirus-Vaccine Acceptance among Females in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) poses significant health risks globally, being a primary cause of cervical
cancer (CC) and other malignancies. CC remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women in Saudi Arabia,
with an incidence rate of 1.9/100,000 women. Previous studies have indicated a general lack of awareness surrounding
HPV and its vaccine among the Saudi population. Objective: This study aimed to assess knowledge, awareness, and
HPV vaccine acceptance among females in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July
2024 to March 2025, enrolling Saudi females aged 12 years and older through questionnaires. A total of 798 participants
were included, comprising both medical professionals and the general public. Variables of interest included demographic
information, knowledge levels regarding HPV, and attitudes toward HPV vaccination. Results: Among participants, 74.7%
reported awareness of HPV, with the internet being the most referenced information source (37.1%). However, significant
gaps were identified: 50.6% were unaware that HPV can be asymptomatic, and 60.2% lacked knowledge regarding its
association with various cancers. Only 3.3% had undergone HPV testing, while 48% recognized the vaccine’s potential to
prevent CC and genital warts. Notably, 69.2% expressed willingness to receive the vaccine if offered for free, and 83.7%
supported educational interventions to enhance awareness. Knowledge levels correlated significantly with age, education,
and income, with 37.8% demonstrating low knowledge levels and only 34.1% showing high knowledge regarding
HPV. Conclusion: The study reveals a mixed understanding of HPV and its vaccine among Saudi women, highlighting
significant gaps in knowledge despite a generally positive attitude toward vaccination. Enhanced educational outreach and
targeted interventions are crucial to improve awareness and acceptance of the HPV vaccine, thereby supporting public
health initiatives aimed at reducing HPV-related disease incidence.