Cutting-edge Innovations in Oleanolic Acid Formulation

Abstract

Oleanolic acid (OA), a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid, has garnered significant attention due to its
broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. Despite its therapeutic potential, the clinical application of OA
is limited by its poor water solubility and low bioavailability, which hinder effective systemic absorption and
therapeutic efficacy. Advances in pharmaceutical formulation technologies have addressed these challenges,
paving the way for enhanced delivery systems that improve OA solubility, stability, and bioavailability. Among the
most promising strategies are nanoformulations, including lipid-based nanoparticles, polymer-based nanocarriers,
and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). Lipid-based systems such as liposomes and nanoemulsions not only protect
OA from environmental degradation but also facilitate controlled release and improved skin permeability, making
them suitable for topical delivery. Polymeric carriers and micelles offer targeted delivery and sustained drug
release, while SLNs enhance drug loading and stability. Characterization techniques such as dynamic light
scattering, zeta potential analysis, electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry ensure formulation
quality, stability, and performance. These advanced delivery systems significantly improve the pharmacokinetic
profile and therapeutic potential of OA.