Pharmaceutical Approaches in the Management of Oral Lichen Planus:A Short Review

Abstract

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the oral mucosa that mostly affects middle-
aged women. It is often persistent, painful, and can interfere with normal functions such as eating and speaking.
The exact cause remains uncertain, though immune dysregulation and local triggering factors are thought to
play a key role. The present review summarizes the pharmacological options available for managing OLP.
Corticosteroids continue to be the first-line treatment and are highly effective in controlling inflammation and
providing symptomatic relief. When the disease does not respond adequately, agents such as calcineurin inhibitors,
azathioprine, methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, and sulfasalazine may be considered. In resistant or recurrent
cases, adjunctive approaches such as photodynamic therapy, low-level laser therapy, and nutraceuticals, including
aloe vera, have shown encouraging results in improving comfort and healing. Although many therapeutic choices
exist, a complete cure remains challenging, and relapses are frequent. Further studies are required to identify safer
and more targeted treatments that can offer sustained control and improve the quality of life of affected patients.