Emerging Trends in Proniosomal Drug Delivery Systems and Their Pharmaceutical Applications
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Abstract
Proniosomes are advanced vesicular drug delivery systems that improve drug stability, bioavailability, and controlled release. They can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs and convert them into Niosomes
upon hydration, making them suitable for targeted and sustained drug delivery. Proniosomes are commonly prepared using slurry, spray drying, and coacervation phase separation methods. Formulations generally contain non-ionic surfactants, cholesterol, and carrier materials. The prepared proniosomes are evaluated for vesicle size, entrapment efficiency, surface charge, and stability.Proniosomal systems demonstrated improved drug solubility, enhanced bioavailability, prolonged drug release, and better stability compared with conventional formulations. They successfully delivered proteins, vaccines, antibiotics, and anticancer drugs through oral, transdermal, and ocular routes.The flexibility of proniosomal formulations allows optimization of drug release and tissue targeting. Their ability to overcome biological barriers and reduce drug degradation enhances therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance.Proniosomes are promising carriers for modern drug delivery because of their stability, versatility, and
controlled release properties. Continued research may further improve their clinical applications and therapeutic outcomes.
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