Deep Eutectic Solvents: Green Alternativefor Bioactive Compound Solubilization, Properties for Sustainable Utilization

Abstract

The novel class of environmentally friendly solvents, known as deep eutectic solvent (DES), was introduced, which has several differences from conventional solvents. DES is an easier and less costly option to ionic liquids (ILs) a mixture of two or three solid materials in a liquid form at normal temperature is known as a DES. DES has various properties like low volatility and high solvation ability. DES consists of eutectic mixture of components, one of the components being hydrogen bond acceptor such as salts like choline chloride, trimethylammonium chloride, and alanine and the other hydrogen bond donor such as ammonium or phosphorous containing compounds urea, glycerol, and oxalic acid in a specific molar ratio (1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 1:3, 3:1). DES is less toxic, biodegradable, easy to synthesize and low-cost starting material. In this paper, the examination of DES in various areas is carried out, such as in chromatography, medicine, and environment. A new class of environmentally friendly solvents (DES)
is discussed in terms of its special features and applications, paying attention to its extraction, separation and solubilization capabilities of bioactive materials. The low toxicity, low cost and ease of production are attractive  alternatives to conventional solvents. The article is about the synthesis and properties of DES and provides valuable information regarding the possible applications of DES in various fields, such as chromatography. In addition,
it presents an in-depth review of works which have been successfully applied to DES in different applications
in bioactive compounds and other samples. The paper emphasizes the significance of DES in the field of green
chemistry and the intriguing avenues for future research.