Verapamil Hydrochloride Nanosuspension and Assessment of Cardioprotective effect in Experimental Model of Myocardial Infarcted Rats

Abstract

Aim and Objective: Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, has a restricted bioavailability (20–30%) due to substantial hepatic first-pass degradation. Therefore, the main goal of this work was to use nanosuspension with high shear homogenization and ultrasonication techniques to improve the oral bioavailability of verapamil. Method: Animals used in experiments were given a myocardial infarction. Verapamil nanosuspension was used in an in vivo pharmacological investigation and to evaluate cardiac damage indicators. Results: When compared to free medications, in vivo pharmacokinetic studies showed greater t1/2, area under the curve from zero to infinity, and Cmax , suggesting improved bioavailability. Oral verapamil nanosuspension treatment improved nearly all hemodynamic parameters studied in the isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis model, including cardiac damage indicators and left ventricular end-diastoli pressure. Conclusion: These positive outcomes highlight the created verapamil nanosuspension’s excellent oral administration capabilities, which may enhance the therapeutic effect.