Rectal and Nasal Drug Delivery Systems: Next-Generation Solutions in Disease Therapy

Abstract

For protein-peptide medications, rectal drug delivery is a good substitute for parenteral and oral modes of administration since it avoids first-pass metabolism and delivery. Drug therapy can be administered locally or
systemically thanks to rectal delivery. For patients who are unconscious or unable to swallow, the rectal drug delivery device is a helpful substitute for the oral route of administration. Historically, localized treatments such as
the delivery of laxatives, hemorrhoids, and antipyretics have been administered using conventional rectal dosages. The rectal drug delivery method may have untapped potential thanks to continued research and development in this field. The current study offers a number of benefits and drawbacks, as well as optimizations and drug selection criteria. There is a discussion of the rectum’s anatomy and physiology, dose forms, rectum drug absorption-related aspects, absorption obstacles, and absorption enhancers for use and assessment. This review also covers polymers utilized for the rectal medication administration route.