Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towardOrgan Donation after Brain Death amongthe Saudi Arabian General Population

Abstract

Background: Organ donation is an important public health concern, as there is a consistent difference between people’s
awareness and positive feelings about it and their actual participation in the process. Gaining insight into knowledge,
attitudes, and practices regarding organ donation can help develop strategies to enhance donation rates. Objectives: The
objective of the study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding organ donation among adults
and examine associations with demographic factors such as age and gender. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was
conducted among 409 participants using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the
Social Sciences version 26. Descriptive statistics summarized demographic characteristics and KAP responses, while
Chi-square tests examined associations between categorical variables. Reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed
with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.769. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Most participants were
familiar with the concept of organ donation (93.2%) and had encountered the term organ transplantation (97.3%).
Awareness of legal and clinical aspects was lower; only 43% reported knowledge of the Human Organ Transplantation
Act, and 48.9% understood the importance of human leukocyte antigen compatibility. Positive attitudes were prevalent,
with 78.7% in favor of organ donation and 91.4% believing it adds meaning to life. However, only 57% were willing to
donate their organs after death, and 22% had officially registered as donors. Religious beliefs (25.3%), fear of premature
life-support termination (18.5%), and lack of knowledge (18.3%) were the main barriers. Gender and age influenced
knowledge levels, with females and participants aged 35–44 years demonstrating higher awareness in technical aspects
of organ donation and transplantation. Conclusion: The study showed a moderate level of knowledge about organ
donation and a favorable attitude toward it among the general population in Saudi Arabia. Although many people are
aware of and have a positive view of organ donation, the number of individuals who officially register and actively
participate is still low. It is suggested to implement focused educational programs, culturally appropriate interventions,
and support for registration processes to connect knowledge, attitudes, and practices.